• The war was fought between England and France.
• The commercial rivalry, i.e. the race for colonies was the main cause of this war.

• This Revolution began unconsciously in England and spread all over.
• Many inventions and discoveries took place during its time.
• It changed the lives of the people.
• It later became a reason for rise of capitalism.

• She acquired the throne with crime, but then selflessly worked for the betterment of the nation.
• She was an absolute despot.
• She was successful in her home and foreign policies.

• The bloodiest Revolution in World history, it was a symbol of change.
• Socio-economic-political reasons were responsible for its outbreak.
• The philosophers created the ground before the actual revolution.
• It dealt a big blow to the monarchy in France.

The Reign of Terror

• It created fear and horror all over.
• Revolutionaries carried out trials and gave judgments for crimes (or those incidents which they believed to be crimes).
• Trials were carried out on nobles, officers, churchmen, members of royal families etc.
• They were punished publicly.

• He was a soldier in the French army.
• He dissolved the reign of the Directorary and became first Consul.
• Later he became the Emperor of France.
• He initiated many reforms in the nation for the betterment of nation.
• Reforms were in social-political-educational and economic areas.

• Napoleon committed blunders in his life as arrest of Pope, Continental System, etc.
• The wars of Napoleon also accounted for his fall.
• Napoleon was power drunk
• All this resulted in his downfall.

**********

[next chapter]

Index

3.0 - Introduction
3.1 The Seven Years' War
3.2 Catherine the Great
3.3 The Industrial Revolution
3.4 The French Revolution
3.5 France as a Republic (1795 - 1799)
3.6 Napolean Bonaparte
3.7 Points to Remember

Chapter 4