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Slang and Rhyming Words
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08/18/02 - http://www.londonslang.com/
London Slang Page - This site is dedicated to the slang of London.

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08/18/02 - http://www.rhymezone.com/
Semantic Rhyming Dictionary - Use this interactive dictionary to find rhyming words.

Phrases Containing Verbals
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11/15/99 - http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000187.htm
Split Infinitives - Infinitives are normally made up of two words--the word to followed by a verb in the present tense. Some stylists say that to "split" the infinitives, that is, to place a modifier between the to and the verb is bad grammar.

Types of Clauses
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11/15/99 - http://www.ff.cc.mn.us/owl/grammar/clause.htm
FFCC’s on-line Writing Lab: Clauses - Clauses contain a subject and a verb. Clauses can be sentences alone, but can also be part of another sentence. There are two types of clauses: independent and dependent.

Independent Clauses
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11/15/99 - http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/indclause.htm
Independent and Dependent Clauses - Grammar Handbook Independent and Dependent Clauses A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a predicate. There are two types of clauses: independent and dependent.

Run- on Sentences
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11/16/99 - http://pixel.cs.vt.edu./edu/fis/sentcomb.html
Sentence Combining - Melissa N. "Boys and girls, I have noticed in your writing that many of you are using short, choppy sentences that could easily be combined into longer, more interesting sentences.
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11/16/99 - http://cal.bemidji.msus.edu/wrc/Handouts/ROCSFused.html
Run- Ons, Comma Splices, Fused Sentences - Original from the Purdue University On-Line Writing Lab The above are all names given to compound sentences that are not punctuated correctly. The best way to avoid such errors is to punctuate compound sentences correctly by using one or the other of thes

Sentence Fragments
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08/16/02 - http://writing.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/fragment.html
Sentence Fragments - Sentence Fragments And Complete Sentences Writer's Web Topics Writing Center Fragments, or incomplete sentences, occur quite frequently when we speak, so it's no wonder sentence fragments are often found in formal writing.
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11/16/99 - http://www.ucfv.bc.ca/writing_centre/FRAGMENT.htm
ELIMINATING SENTENCE FRAGMENTS - The goal of writing is to communicate ideas to a reader. The sentence fragment is an error that hinders the communication process, because it can cloud your meaning.
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11/16/99 - http://jade.ccccd.edu/cobb/fragments.html
FRAGMENTS, COMMA SPLICES, AND FUSED (RUN-ONS - Taken from The Little, Brown Handbook A sentence fragment is part of a sentence that is set off as if it were a whole sentence by an initial capital letter and a final period or other end punctuation.
 

Sentence Types
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11/16/99 - http://owl.ccd.cccoes.edu/owl/handouts/SenTyp_Exp.html
SENTENCE TYPES - Simple Sentence A simple sentence expresses one idea. It is built around one subject-verb (S-V) or subject-verb-object (S-V-O) combination. The sentence may be a long one because there may be other words which describe the S-V (-O).

Period
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11/16/99 - http://www.odu.edu/~wts/endpnct.htm
End Punctuation - End punctuation does as it says: it comes at the end of sentences. Consisting of periods (.), question marks (?), and exclamation points (!), you will always have one of these marks at the end of each sentence.
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11/16/99 - http://maple.lemoyne.edu/HELP/DSR/DSR_COMMANDS/_PERIOD
- Copyright Digital Equipment Corp. DSR normally adds an extra space after any of the following punctuation marks in your text: period (.), colon (:), question mark (?), and exclamation point (!).

The Use of the Question Mark
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11/16/99 - http://www.tlcdelivers.com/tlc/crs/arch0327.htm
OC. Punctuation - Punctuation (General Rules) As noted in the Introduction, punctuation for the description of moving image material is based on ISBD: Precede each area by a period, space, dash, space (. --) unless the area begins a new paragraph.

Use of the Exclamation Point
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11/16/99 - http://www.harper.cc.il.us/writ_ctr/exclaim.htm
Harper’s Writing Center: Exclamation Point - The exclamation point is used to mark an emphatic statement or command. Since an exclamation point is used to mark a special effect of an utterance, it should be used sparingly.

Uses of the Comma
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11/16/99 - http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sutherland/Punctuation.html
Punctuation - Writers and editors vary in their use of punctuation. Some prefer heavy or formal punctuation, lots of commas and a few semicolons and colons. Others tend to be more restrained, using punctuation marks more by rule than sound.
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11/16/99 - http://www.scc.spokane.cc.wa.us/eng_jstrever/Handouts/mechanics.htm
Punctuation - Audiences require proper punctuation. While many audiences will not know the terminology for subordinate clause, they will probably have a sense of when something is punctuated wrong.

Uses of the Semicolon
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11/16/99 - http://www.csc.calpoly.edu/~ebrunner/GrammatiCat/Punctuate/SemiColon.html
Semicolon Tips - THE SEMICOLON: Sophisticated Punctuation Semicolons are more powerful than commas, because they connect ideas, rather than just grammatical clauses.
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11/16/99 - http://www.wpdesign.com/park/editing/tips.htm
The Write Expression- TIPS - Tips 1. Semicolon The mysteries of the semicolon are profound; the most generally terrifying of punctuation marks, as opposed to the innocuous comma, the semicolon is used principally to separate related independent clauses; that is, the semicolon separat
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11/16/99 - http://www.cas.usf.edu/JAC/pms/semicolon.html
Punctuation Made Simple; Guide to The Semicolon - The semicolon is another important tool you can use when you write. There are two ways to use this punctuation mark: as a connector between two sentences and as a supercomma.

Uses of the Colon
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11/16/99 - http://www.niu.edu/english/wac/punctrls.html
Six Basic Punctuation Rules - Punctuation marks the structure of sentences, not the voice pauses or inflections. After you learn the basic structures of complex sentences, punctuating correctly becomes a matter of applying logical rules.

Uses of the Dash
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11/16/99 - http://www.tlcdelivers.com/tlc/crs/arch0327.htm
OC. Punctuation - Punctuation (General Rules) As noted in the Introduction, punctuation for the description of moving image material is based on ISBD: Precede each area by a period, space, dash, space (. --) unless the area begins a new paragraph.
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11/16/99 - http://webster.commnet.edu/apa/apa_spacing.htm
Spacing and Punctuation - Space after punctuation as follows: The APA now calls for one space to appear after all punctuation marks. This is undoubtedly in response to the capabilities of modern word-processing devices which are capable of determining the correct aesthetic distanc

Problems with Parentheses
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11/16/99 - http://www.crb.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/parentheses.html
parentheses - The most common error in using parenthesis marks (besides using them too much) is to forget to enclose the parenthetical material with a final, closing parenthesis mark.

Uses of Quotation Marks
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11/16/99 - http://www.urich.edu/~writing/wweb/quotemrk.html
Using Quotation Marks - To enclose a direct quote (a person's exact words) but not indirect quotes: ex. John said, "The ref made a good call that time." (Direct quote)
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11/16/99 - http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/quotatio.html
Quotations - Quotations should be integrated grammatically into your own text. They should support your ideas but not substitute for your ideas. Here are some criteria for choosing to quote:

Compound Words
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11/16/99 - http://pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~awirote/ling/abs/93panida.htm
Compound Words - Compound words in Pattant Malay / Panida Bualert CL thesis 260 leaves This study focuses on the structure and the origin of compound words in Pattani-Malay dialect.

Idioms
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11/16/99 - http://www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/ESL/Idioms_and_Slang/ - TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFLESOL Links:- ESL: Idioms and Slang - Part of the most comprehensive and best-maintained list of links for students and teachers of English as a second language.
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11/16/99 - http://vlc.polyu.edu.hk/idioms/idiomdef.htm
Idioms - Some Definitions on Idioms ‘A peculiarity of phraseology approved by the usage of the language and often having a signification other than its grammatical or logical one.’

Avoiding Cliches
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11/16/99 - http://www.urich.edu/~writing/wweb/cliche.html
Avoiding Cliches in Writing - Avoiding Cliches in Writing Writer's Web Topics Writing Center Can you identify the trite, overused, and plain tired expressions in these 2 paragraphs?

Euphemisms
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11/16/99 - http://www.youth.net/cec/ceclang/ceclang.26.txt
Euphemisms - Students, especially young ones, often are unable to use the appropriate synonym, both in speaking and in writing.

Wordiness
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11/16/99 - http://uwc-server.fac.utexas.edu/handouts/wordines.html
Eliminating Wordiness - The wordy definition: The situation of wordiness is one in which writers attempt to utilize several words or extravagant words in the place of a few, well-chosen, concise, and less ambiguous words.

The Steps in Writing
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11/16/99 - http://www.esc.edu/htmlpages/writer/steps.htm
Steps in Writing - A series of steps, starting with developing a research question and working thesis, will lead you through writing a research paper. As you move through these steps and actually create the research paper, you may find that you can't move through all of the

Guidelines for Choosing a Topic
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11/16/99 - http://karn.wright.edu/~sg-ysu/topic.html
Selecting a Topic - If you are given the task of selecting your own topic for a research paper, it's essential that you spend time thinking about and researching possibilities and options.

Thesis
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11/16/99 - http://personal.centenary.edu/~karmes/thesis.html
thesis - Importance of Thesis A. The thesis ties the paper together and gives the reader something to go by when they are reading your paper. It also let's them know what your paper is about.
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11/16/99 - http://www.dissertation-thesis.com/
Dissertation Thesis Help - A personalized graduate student service designed to assist with the dissertation or thesis in all stages of the research process including making the topic researchable, preparing the proposal, organizing the literature review, methodology, procedures, an
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11/16/99 - http://home1.gte.net/hmay/essay.htm
Tips on How to Write an Essay - Instructions and guidelines for writing an essay.

Developing Thesis Statements
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11/16/99 - http://www.hccs.cc.tx.us/system/Library/TipSheets/Thesis.html
Library Instruction Tip Sheet - Many students make the mistake of thinking that having a "subjects the same as having a "thesis" for an essay or research paper.

Prewriting
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11/16/99 - http://www.sifc.edu/english/writersguide/11prstep.htm
11 Prewriting Steps - When you sit down to write, does your mind turn blank, or are you certain you have nothing to say? Can't think.

First Draft
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11/16/99 - http://www.oakwood-medical.com/fd.htm
Final Draft Medical Word Processor - MediSoft's Final Draft medical word processor is a simple word processor that works well with other MediSoft products. Use Final Draft to share data with MediSoft, merge-print documents and check their spelling with the included medical dictionary. Final

Revising Checklist
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11/16/99 - http://aristotle.sils.umich.edu/teen/aplus/linksrevising.htm
OWL handouts - OWL handouts Revising and Rewriting Note: the links below take you further down on this page. Back to Links for Writing Table of Contents How to proofread, edit and revise
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11/16/99 - http://www-personal.umich.edu/~arcook/revise.htm
Checklist for Revision - from Little, Brown Compact Handbook (page 23). Purpose: What is the essay's purpose? Does that purpose conform to the assignment? Is it consistent throughout the paper? (See pp. 4-5)

Nouns
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11/14/99 - http://www.gms.ocps.k12.fl.us/student/english/nouns.html
NOUNS - A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, an adjective, or an adverb.

Verbs Used as Nouns
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11/14/99 - http://www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/gerunds.html
Gerunds - Like the gerundive, the gerund is a cross between a verb and another part of speech. Where the gerundive is a verbal adjective, however, the gerund is a verbal noun, corresponding to the English form ending in -ing.

Verbs
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11/14/99 - http://gabiscott.com/bigdog/verbs.htm
Verbs - A part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence. Remember question one for identifying subjects? "What's going on (or being described)?" Answer that and you've found your verb.

Linking Verbs
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11/14/99 - http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/vanassch.htm
Katrien Vanassche’s Linking Verbs - Definition: Linking verbs or copular verbs link a subject to a complement. Linking verbs MUST be followed by a complement in order to make the sentence complete.

Active and Passive Voice
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11/14/99 - http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/active.htm
Active and Passive Voice - The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of the sentence performs or receives the action. In English there are two voices, passive and active.
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11/14/99 - http://www.english.upenn.edu/Writing/voicedoc.html
Electronic Writing Advising FAQ- Active vs. Passive Voice - FAQ: Active vs. Passive Voice Table of Contents What is active voice? What is passive voice? Why do my instructors tell me to write in the active voice?
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11/14/99 - http://www.touro.edu/esl/P_AVOICE.HTM
PASSIVE VOICE AND ACTIVE VOICE - There are two grammatical voices in English, the ACTIVE VOICE and the PASSIVE VOICE. In the active voice, the subject of the sentence, which usually appears at the beginning of the sentence, is performing the action of the verb.
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11/14/99 - http://jade.ccccd.edu/cobb/passive.html
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Taken from The Lively Art of Writing by Lucille Payne Vaughn Only verbs have voice. A verb having a direct object is in the active voice.
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11/14/99 - http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~nickym/ActivePassive.html
Active Voice/ Passive Voice - Active Voice/ Passive Voice What's the difference between these two sentences? Action was taken against the protesters. Government troops took action against the protesters.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
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11/14/99 - http://www.uvsc.edu/uvnet/
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Transitive verbs have a direct object, or a receiver of the action. Ex: Jeanene saw Adam at the store. (Adam is the direct object of transitive verb saw.

Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
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11/14/99 - http://www.uvsc.edu/uvnet/
Verbals - It looks like a verb, but is it? The three types of verbals are PARTICIPLES, GERUNDS, and INFINITIVES. (-ing or -ed ending) A word that looks like a verb but is used as an ADJECTIVE.

Using the Tenses
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11/14/99 - http://deil.lang.uiuc.edu/class.pages/Structure1/tenses.html
ENGLISH VERBAL TENSES - TIME and ASPECT = MEANING There are three times that can be indicated by verb tenses in English: present (or "non-past" -- the "default" time)

Moods of the Verb
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11/14/99 - http://www.thechristian.org/LrnGreek/subj-detail-outline.htm
Outline of Subjective Mood - Seeing the Subjunctive Mood in Context (used in Main and Subordinate Clauses) Introduction to Subjunctive Mood This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of all the uses of the subjunctive mood.

Pronouns
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11/15/99 - http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/pronoundef.htm
Pronouns Defined - Grammar Handbook Pronouns Defined Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. Personal Pronouns are the most commonly used pronouns. Singular personal pronouns: I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it Plural personal pronouns: we, us, you, they, them Examp

Personal, Possessive, Indefinite, Relative Pronouns
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11/15/99 - http://www.edunet.com/english/grammar/pronoun.html
Pronouns - Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Personal pronouns can be used as subject or object in a sentence or clause. They have two forms: You ask her. b.

Pronoun Reference
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11/15/99 - http://influx.uoregon.edu/~j101/notes/week5/pron-ant.html
J101 Week 5 Pronoun- Antecedent Agreement - University of Oregon School of Journalism J201 Homepage

Modifiers
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11/15/99 - http://www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/shawd/tutorial/modification.htm
Modification - Modification means to change or add to the meaning of something. Adjectives, adverbs, nouns, phrases, and clauses all act as modifiers. They give more information or describe other words in a sentence.
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11/15/99 - http://www.ff.cc.mn.us/owl/grammar/modifier.htm
FFCC’S On-line Writing Lab: Modifiers - Modifiers get their name from the fact that they modify the meaning of another word, phrase, or sentence. The idea of modifying something probably is more common than you think.

Recognizing Adjectives and Adverbs
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11/15/99 - http://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/dict/section-E.html
Guide-to- Links: E - *** Guide-to-Links *** E E is used for verb-modifying adverbs which precede the verb: +---E---+ | | he apparently is not coming In this entry we provide a general discussion of adverbs.

Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs
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11/15/99 - http://www.zianet.com/jkline/adjadv.htm
Instructional Systems Independent Study: Traditional Grammar Course - Unit I Parts of Speech Continued: Adjectives and Adverbs An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. The word "modifies" literally means "changes." Adjectives clarify and qualify a noun.

Prepositions
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11/15/99 - http://www.silvermnt.com/AGNT/prep.htm
The Analysis of Prepositions - Prepositions are an uncontroversial lot. When a preposition is not followed by a noun or noun phrase, it is instead an adverb, which usually relates to the verb.
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11/15/99 - http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/language/preposit.html
The Russian Prepositions:Introduction - Russian prepositions extend and specify the meanings of the case system. For that reason, while cases may appear without prepositions, prepositions are always accompanied by a case.

Recognizing Prepositions
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11/15/99 - http://www.hut.fi/~rvilmi/help/grammar_help/prepositions.html
Prepositions - Ruth's Help There are some verbs that are not followed by a preposition, although the corresponding noun is followed by one, e.g., Discuss something BUT Have a discussion _about_ something.

Conjunctions
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11/15/99 - http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.htm
Linda Bryson’s List of English Conjunctions - ENGLISH CONJUNCTIONS By Linda Bryson LISTS: EXAMPLES: LINKS TO OTHER INTERESTING WEBSITES A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF CONJUNCTIONS A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases, or clauses.
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11/15/99 - http://www.ff.cc.mn.us/owl/grammar/conjunc.htm
FFCC’s Online- line Writing Lab: Conjunctions - Conjunctions are one of the 8 parts of speech. Conjunctions connect words and phrases. Conjunctions are not considered part of the words or phrases they connect.

Coordinating, Correlative, Subordinating Conjunctions
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11/15/99 - http://www.gms.ocps.k12.fl.us/student/english/conjunctions.html
Conjunctions - Conjunctions are words that are used to link words, phrases, and clauses. Coordinating conjunctions are used to joins individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.

Interjections
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11/15/99 - http://www.ff.cc.mn.us/owl/grammar/inter.htm
FFCC’s On-line Writing Lab: Interjections - Interjections are one of the 8 parts of speech. Interjections interrupt the normal flow of a sentence. Interjections contribute to the meaning of a sentence, but are often mistakingly seen as separate from the sentence.

Subject and Predicate
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11/15/99 - http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/subjects.htm
Subjects and Predicates - Grammar Handbook Subjects and Predicates In English, every sentence has two essential parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate. Subjects The complete subject is the simple subject (a noun or a pronoun) plus any words or group of words modifying

Collective Nouns
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11/14/99 - http://www.ojohaven.com/collectives/
The Collective Noun Page - There are two varieties of collective noun listed here

Sexism in Pronouns
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11/15/99 - http://www.quinion.demon.co.uk/words/usagenotes/un-genpr.htm
Usage note: Gender -neutral pronouns - Discussion of gender-neutral pronouns.

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