Figure 20.9 Typical thoracic vertebra (Side view)

b) Atypical thoracic vertebrae have following distinguishing features:

First thoracic has no foramen transversarium, thick long spine, small facet below.

Ninth thoracic has large semicircular facet above and small facet below.

Tenth thoracic has no facet below and no transverse processes.

Eleventh thoracic has small transverse processes without facets.

Twelfth thoracic has a large body, very small transverse process without facets on it.

iii) Lumbar Vertebrae. There are five lumbar vertebrae, of which only the fifth is atypical.

Click Here To Enlarge