8.4 Course of the Industrial Revolution

Textile Industry

The Industrial Revolution first started in the textile industry in England, in the techniques of ’spinning’ as well as of ’weaving’.

1. Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny, 1764: Spinning was an extremely slow process, with the spinner spinning only one thread at a time, with the help of the spinning wheel. In 1764, James Hargreaves invented a machine called the ’Spinning Jenny.’ It enabled a spinner to spin as many as eight to ten threads at a time, on his new machine. This increased the production of yarn.



Exhibit 8.2
A Textile Factory in England

2. Arkwright’s Water-Frame, 1769: In 1769, Richard Arkwright invented a machine run by waterpower instead of manpower. Hence it came to be called the ’Water-Frame’. This second machine could produce stronger and finer yarn than the Spinning Jenny. It increased the production of threads to a very great degree, as it worked on water force.

3. Crompton’s Spinning Mule, 1778: Samuel Crompton removed the defects of the Spinning Jenny and Water Frame, with his machine known as ’Spinning Mule’. A spinner could now spin threads of stronger and better quality on this machine.

Index

8.0 - Introduction
8.1 Meaning
8.2 Features of Industrial Revolution
8.3 Origin of Industrial Revolution
8.4 Course of Industrial Revolution
8.5 Spread of Industrial Revolution
8.6 Consequences of Industrial Revolution
8.7 Dates & Events
8.8 Points to Remember

Chapter 9