On December 8, 1987, the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty for the destruction of Europe-based missiles signed between the US and the Soviet Union.

On April 14, 1988, Pakistan and Afghanistan formally signed a US and Soviet Union guaranteed Accord at Geneva. According to this agreement, the Soviet Union agreed to pull out all Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

In August 1988, South Africa, Angola and Cuba announced a cease-fire as agreed upon in Geneva.

The Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev visited China in May 1989. This visit resulted in an agreement on the reduction of armed forces on the Soviet-Chinese border.

Exhibit 17.7
Mikhail Gorbachev

In his New Year Greetings to the Soviets, Gorbachev declared that the year 1989 had ended the Cold War. In a television message to the Soviet Union, President Bush called upon Gorbachev to join him in redoubling efforts to maintain world peace. The Cold War came to an end because of the disarmament efforts of the UN.