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CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL BONDAGE
4.1 Introduction
The union of two or more atoms involving redistribution
of electrons either by transfer or sharing between themselves, so that
all of them acquire the stable noble gas configuration of minimum energy
is known as chemical bonding.
The attraction between atoms within a molecule is called
a chemical bond.
Electronic theory of valency :
The electronic theory leads to the following types of
combination between atoms.
1) Ionic or Electrovalent Bond :
Involving transfer of one or more
electrons from one atom to another.
2) Covalent Bond :
Mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms.
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Octet rule : Formation of many ionic and covalent
compounds can be explained on the basis of the octet rule which states
that "Atoms of elements tend to acquire an octet of electrons (i.e.
eight electrons) in their outermost shell through combination with
other atoms." In doing so they tend to achieve electronic configuration
of the nearest inert gas.
However there are some limitations with the octet rule
as it fails to explain incomplete and expanded octets.
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