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When positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) come closer to each other, they are held by electrostatic forces of attraction.

The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond.


Ion types are summarized as shown in Table 5

Table 5 - Types of Ions

Ion type

Electronic configuration of outer shell

Examples

Noble gas configuration

ns2 np6

Na+, Ca2+ Ai3+ Cl-, O2 -

Pseudo noble gas configuration

ns2 np6 nd10

Ag+, Zn2+

Inert pair

(n-1)s2(n-1)p6(n-1)d10 ns2

Sn2+, Bi3+

[next page]

Index

4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Ionic Bonds
4.3 The Covalent Bonds
4.4 The Polar Bonds
4.5 Electronegativity
4.6 Others Bonds

Chapter 5





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