The national and democratic movement gained strength under the guidance of King Faisal. In 1930, Great Britain signed a Treaty with Baghdad, under which Great Britain sponsored the admission of Iraq to the League of Nations in 1932. In 1935, the last of the British garrison was evacuated. Thus Iraq became a sovereign, independent Arab State, with rich natural resources, a parliamentary democratic government and a strong army. In 1958, the regime of Nurias-Said became unpopular. In a revolution led by Abdul Karim Kassem, he was overthrown and killed. After this, Iraq was disturbed by revolutions, murders and military ’coups’ in 1963.

In 1928, Great Britain confirmed Abdullah as the Emir. He was authorized to create an Executive Council and an elective Legislature Assembly for the passing of local laws. The British however, exercised control over Jordan until the end of World War II.

On March 22, 1946, Jordan concluded a Treaty of Alliance with Britain, recognizing Jordan as an independent state. At the same time, Britain acquired the right to use the communication facilities of Jordan and maintain her troops there. Jordan also joined Iraq to form the Arab Federation.

After assuming the mandate, the French government cut off Beirut from Syria. Beirut was then transformed into an autonomous "Republic of Lebanon" with a native President and an elective assembly. The rest of the mandate was transformed into the "State of Syria" with its capital at Damascus.

The Syrian nationalists launched a long struggle to secure independence. Eventually, the French government was forced to grant liberal political concessions to Syria. In 1930, the High Commissioner decreed a democratic constitution providing for a national parliament and a native President. In 1936, the French signed a treaty with Syria, agreeing to the gradual admission of Syria, as a sovereign state, to the League of Nations.

Both Syria and Lebanon gained independence after the fall of France in 1941. In this year, the French garrisons withdrew from both these countries, and they were admitted to membership in the U.N.

The people of Lebanon chose to form a republic and joined the Arab League in 1945. In 1958, President Nasser of Egypt launched a new national movement called the Pan-Arab-National movement that aimed at maintaining the Arab unit against Israel. The Lebanese rose against their pro-western government and set up their own government. The new Lebanese government turned to the U.S.A. for economic assistance.

There was a clash between the Arabs and the Jews in Palestine. While the Arabs were in a large majority, the Jews were in a minority. There were frequent acts of violence and ferocious riots at Jerusalem in 1929, 1933 and 1936. In 1937, the British Government proposed a partition of Palestine. This proposal was rejected by both the groups.